尊貴的上師 敏林堪千仁波切，於2013 藏曆佛陀初轉法輪日之殊勝日前，

特地捎來佛陀於成佛之後於鹿野苑向跟隨他的五位沙門第一次宣說佛法的開示。仁波切期盼大家於佛陀初轉法輪之殊勝日能憶念佛恩，並就佛陀的初次開示再次深切的聞思修；並祝福大家於實踐、修習中道法中, 瞭悟四聖諦, 而能漸次邁入大圓滿。

佛陀釋迦初轉法輪，而

法輪是一種比喻。於印度有個傳說，誰能統治全印度，自然會有「輪寶」出現，而它能無堅不摧，無敵不克。故而得到「輪寶」的統治者便被稱為轉輪聖王。而將佛說法稱之為轉法輪，即含有此義，更顯示了釋尊所悟為最高真理。

釋尊初轉法輪，傳是在波羅奈斯的鹿野苑對喬陳如等五個弟子講的。從現有經律中研究，釋尊並非一開始即講四諦，而是先講了一番中道。這是符合事實的。因為原來隨侍他的這五個人，見釋尊拋棄了苦行感到失望離去。故而釋尊最初對他們宣揚理論，應該是先批評了苦行和其他學派的主張，再提出自己不苦不樂的中道學說，以證明苦行非為正道，只有中道才合理。是以佛陀講演了「八正道」，佛陀將五人說服了，爾後才宣說四聖諦。

鹿野苑－於佛陀的初轉法輪地，感受歲月如歌

鹿野苑（Sarnath）為佛陀成道後初轉法輪的地方。

佛陀於此處度化五比丘，從此世上佛、法、僧俱足。

在紅磚綿延、綠草如茵的遺跡公園中，最壯觀醒目又最震憾人心的建築物，

就是矗立在藍天之下的達美克塔了。

這座巨大如山的磚石大塔是五世紀時的笈多王朝所建，根據挖掘發現，它是建造在另一座更早期的建築遺跡上。考古學家推測，這裡最初應是阿育王所造的紀念佛塔之一，在經過後世不斷地擴建後才呈現目前的壯觀景象。

佛陀對五比丘宣說了可行的中道修行方法。 眾生修習中道法, 可證悟四聖諦,。佛陀於《轉法輪經》中明確的提出中道即八聖道。

佛陀開示後, 憍陳如首先開法眼, 佛陀說「憍陳如證悟了」(aññāsi vata bho Koņḍañño), 從此被稱為阿若憍陳如。諸天眾皆歡喜讚嘆。

.................

《 佛初轉法輪 / 欲樂阻修心, 苦行削智能/ 12th .July 2013 is the day of the buddha turning the wheel of dharm 》

佛陀於成道七周之後，應要求從金剛坐上起身，初轉法輪。

這些教法，包涵四聖諦以及其他法義都是南傳佛教（或稱之小乘佛教）的基本教義。

佛陀第一次所說的法要即稱為《轉法輪經》（Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta），意指真理之輪已然轉起。

此次的開示是特別為印度瓦拉那西鹿野苑的五位沙門而說，當時與會聽法者還涵括許多梵天眾與天人。

佛陀的開示先是告誡五位沙門放下兩個極端的修行方法：一是極度享受慾樂，另一則是極度強化苦行。

他反對過分的感官享樂，因為那是世間法的基礎，並非高尚作為、且對出世間的修行無益。另一方面，極度暴虐身體也非崇高、對靈性開展亦無益。他勸導五比丘遵循中道，如此才能幫助他們如實看待事物的本來面貌，以獲取智識，得證更高的智慧及詳和，以至涅槃。

佛陀於是教導五比丘四聖諦，涵及苦諦、苦的原因、滅諦以及滅苦的道路。世事皆苦，而貪求即為苦的肇因，唯有涅槃方可止息一切苦難。我們可透過八正道讓一切苦止息。

八正道分別為：

1. 正思維：正確瞭知四聖諦。

2. 正見：具備三種正思維，包括 :

a. 能捨離一切 ( 能夠放下貪執之出離思維) 的態度 ；

b. 能隨喜一切眾生，但關鍵是不與惡法相應

( 滅除嗔怒，生起慈心之無恚思維 )；

c. 不傷害一切眾生，即是不與殘忍相應 (滅除殘忍，生起悲心之無害思維 )。

3. 正語: 不妄語、不慢語、不惡語、不謗語、不綺語、不暴語，遠離一切戲論。

4. 正業 ( 合乎佛法的正確活動、行為、工作 )， 包含遠離一切殺、盜、淫業。

5. 正命: 包括遠離五種惡業，過道德的生活。

此五種惡業包括： 販賣軍火、販售眾生（動物養殖屠宰）、販賣醉人的飲品、販毒。

6. 正精進: 包含禪修的四個部分

a. 已生惡令斷；b. 未生惡令不生；c. 未生善令生；d. 已生善令增長。

7. 正念也包括四個部分，包括身念住、受念住、心念住和法念住。

8. 正定便是在禪修中讓心住一處。

這八個因素又可歸類為三：

戒律 (道德的行為) 正語、正業、正命

正定 (禪修中專注的心) 正精進、正念、正定

般若 (智慧)：:正見、正思維為慧學。

此三學—道德( 戒 )、專注 (定) 和智慧(慧 ) —即是走向清淨心之道的三個階段，而涅槃即是其所緣；此間過程於殊勝的偈頌中描述著：

諸惡莫作，眾善奉行，自淨其意，是謂佛教。

( 止一切惡，修一切善，自淨其意，此即一切諸佛的教導)。

─敏林堪千仁波切 2013.7

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(( 12th .July 2013 is the day of the buddha truning the first wheel of dharm ))

Forty-nine days after Buddha attained enlightenment, as a result of requests he rose from meditation and taught the first Wheel of Dharma. These teachings, which include the Sutra of the Four Noble Truths and other discourses, are the principal source of the Hinayana, or Lesser Vehicle, of Buddhism.

The Buddha\'s first teaching was called the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, which means the Turning of the Wheel of Truth.

This discourse was given to the five ascetics who were his former companions, at the Deer Park in Isipatana (now called Sarnath), near Benares, India. Many devas and brahmas (angels and gods) were present to listen to the discourse.

The Buddha started the discourse by advising the five ascetics to give up two extremes. These were indulgence in sensual pleasures and the tormenting of the body (self-indulgence and self-mortification).  

He advised against too much sensual pleasure because these pleasures were base, worldly, not noble and unhelpful in spiritual development. On the other hand, tormenting the body was painful, not noble and also unhelpful in spiritual development. He advised them to follow the Middle Way, which is helpful in seeing things clearly, as they are, and in attaining knowledge, higher wisdom, peace, and enlightenment or nirvana.

The Buddha then taught the five ascetics the Four Noble Truths. They are: the truth of suffering; its cause; its end; and the way to its end. Everything in this world is full of suffering, and the cause of suffering is craving. The end of suffering is nirvana. The way to the end of suffering is via the Noble The Noble Eightfold Path has eight parts or factors:

1. Right understanding means to know and understand the Four Noble Truths.

2. Right attitude means to have three kinds of thoughts or attitudes:

(i) Thoughts of renunciation or an attitude of "letting go".
(ii) Thoughts of goodwill to others, which are opposed to ill will.
(iii) Thoughts of harmlessness, as opposed to cruelty.

3. Right speech deals with refraining from falsehood, such as telling lies or not telling the truth; tale-bearing or saying bad things about other people; harsh words and frivolous talk such as gossiping.

4. Right action deals with refraining from killing, stealing and sexual misconduct.

5. Right livelihood deals with the five kinds of trade which should be avoided in order to lead a noble life. They are: trading in arms (weapons), living beings (breeding animals for slaughter), intoxicating drinks and poison.

6. Right effort has four parts using meditation:

(i) To try to stop unwholesome thoughts that have arisen
(ii) To prevent unwholesome thoughts from arising.
(iii) To try to develop good thoughts
(iv) To try to maintain good thoughts that have arisen

7. Right mindfulness is also fourfold. It is mindfulness of the body, mindfulness of feelings/sensations, mindfulness of thoughts passing through the mind and mindfulness of Dharma.

8. Right concentration is one-pointedness of mind as developed in meditation.

These eight factors can be grouped into three smaller groups, as follows:

Sila (morality)

right speech, right action, right livelihood.

Samadhi (concentrated mind in meditation)

right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.

Panna (wisdom)

right attitude, right understanding.

These three — morality, concentration and wisdom — are the three stages on the path to mental purity whose object is nirvana. These stages are described in a beautiful verse:

To cease from evil,

To do what is good.

To cleanse one\'s mind:

This is the advice of all the Buddhas.

─ Minling Khenchen Rinpoche

◎溫故知新• 您可以瞭解更多：

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【對自身佛性的無知，一如手拿珍寶的乞丐，不知珍寶的價值就輕易將其拋棄了─ 敏林堪千仁波切開示: 五毒•五種情緒 / The Five Emotions ( 5 ) 】http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/theeasternsun-khenchen/article?mid=5148&prev=5162&next=5136

◎圖文版權所有• 懇請尊重智慧財產權。如欲轉貼引用， 敬請連結敏林堪千仁波切台灣辦事處•敏林堪千仁波切唯一中文官網：【敏林堪千仁波切官方部落格─敏林堪千仁波切的達瑪師利語自在秘密宮殿】，謝謝

Dear all:

  今天(07/12)是藏曆6月4日，佛陀初轉法輪日。善惡自相輾轉增上億倍。願大家把握殊勝日之天時，莫因善小不為，莫因惡小為之;發露懺悔、廣植福田!